The Multidimensional Parenting Perfectionism Questionnaire (MPPQ)
Snell‚ Overbey‚ & Brewer‚2005
پرسشنامه چند وجهی کمال گرایی والدین
SECTION I
1. I set very high standards for myself as a parent.
2. Only if I am "perfect" as a parent will society consider me to be a good parent.
3. My partner sets very high standards of excellence for herself/himself as a parent.
4. My partner expects me to be a perfect parent.
5. I expect my partner to always be a top-notch and competent parent.
6. I must always be successful as a parent.
7. Most people in society expect me to always be a perfect parent.
8. My partner is perfectionistic in that she/he expects to be a perfect parent all the time.
9. My partner demands nothing less than perfection of me as a parent.
10. My partner should never let me down when it comes to being a parent.
11. One of my goals is to be a "perfect" parent.
12. Most people expect me to always be an excellent parent.
13. It makes my partner uneasy for him/her to be less than a perfect parent.
14. My partner always wants me to be a perfect parent.
15. I cannot stand for my partner to be less than a competent parent.
16. I always feel the need to be a "perfect" parent.
17. I have to be a perfect parent in order for most people to regard me as okay.
18. My partner sets very high‚ perfectionistic goals for herself (himself) as a parent.
19. My partner pressures me to be a perfect parent.
20. I expect nothing less than "parental perfectionism" from my partner.
21. I always pressure myself to be the best parent in the world.
22. In order for people to accept me‚ I have to be the greatest parent in the world.
23. My partner is always trying to be totally perfect as a parent.
24. My partner has very high perfectionistic goals for me as a parent.
25. I will appreciate my partner‚ but only if she/he is a perfect parent.
26. I have very high perfectionistic goals for myself as a parent.
27. Most people expect me to be perfectionistic when it comes to being a parent.
28. My partner always feels that she/he has to be the best possible parent.
29. In order for my partner to appreciate me‚ I have to be a perfect parent.
30. I expect my partner to try to be perfectionistic when it comes to parenting behavior.
SECTION II
1. My spouse/partner sets very high parenting standards for me.
2. Being organized as a parent is very important to me.
3. My spouse/partner has criticized me for being less than a perfect parent.
4. If I do not set the highest standards for myself‚ I am likely to end up a second rate parent.
5. My spouse/partner never tries to understand my mistakes/shortcomings as a parent.
6. It is important to me that I am thoroughly competent in everything I do as a parent.
7. I am rather neat (i.e.‚ not messy) as a parent.
8. I try to take an organized approach to being a parent.
9. If I fail to rear my children well‚ I would be a total failure as a person.
10. I should be upset if I make a mistake in rearing my children.
11. My spouse/partner wants me to be the best possible parent in the entire world.
12. I set higher goals for myself as a parent than do most people.
13. If someone were a better parent than I‚ then I would feel like a complete failure as a parent.
14. If I fail in even a small way to be a totally good parent‚ it is as bad as being completely inadequate.
15. Only when I am an "outstanding" parent is it good enough for my spouse/partner.
16. I am very good at focusing my efforts and time at being a good parent.
17. Even when I am very careful as a parent‚ I often feel that I failed to do something quite right.
18. I hate being less than the best possible parent.
19. I have extremely high goals for myself as a parent.
20. My spouse/partner expects "parenting excellence" from me.
21. My spouse/partner would probably think less of me if I made a mistake in parenting.
22. I never feel like I can meet my spouse/partner's expectations for me as a parent.
23. If I am not as good a parent as other people‚ it means I am an inferior parent.
24. Other people seem to accept less from themselves as a parent than I do for myself.
25. If I do not constantly attend to our children‚ my spouse/partner will not respect me as a parent.
26. My spouse/partner has always had higher expectations for me as a parent than I have.
27. I try to be an organized and neat parent.
28. I usually have doubts about even the simple things I do and say as a parent.
29. As a parent‚ orderliness (and neatness) is very important to me.
30. I expect more of myself as a parent than most people.
31. I take an organized approach to being a parent.
32. I tend to have problems as a parent‚ because I keep doing things the same old way.
33. It takes me a long time to do something "right" as a parent.
34. The fewer mistakes I make as a parent‚ the more my spouse/partner will like me.
35. I never feel like I can meet my spouse/partner's standards for good parenting behavior.
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این پرسشنامه دارای دو بخش است. بخش نخست دارای 30 گویه و 5 خرده مقیاس است که در آن آزمودنی دیدگاه خود را درباره فرزندپروری درست روشن می کند. 1) کمال گرایی فرزند پروری برپایه هنجار های خود، 2) کمال گرایی فرزندپروری بر پایه انتظارات جامعه، 3) کمال گرایی فرزندپروری ناشی از همسر، 4) کمال گرایی فرزندپروری والدین و 5) انتظارات از شریک زندگی
بخش دوم دارای 35 گویه و شش خرده مقیاس است. 1) بیم از اشتباه های فرزندپروری، 2) تردید درباره کیفیت فرزندپروری، 3) هنجارهای شخصی فرزندپروری، 4) انتظارات فرزندپروری همسر، 5) انتقادهای فرزندپروری همسر و 6) تاکید بر سازمان دهی فرزندپروری
چگونگی دستیابی
نمره گذاری
A = Not at all characteristic of me.
B = Slightly characteristic of me.
C = Somewhat characteristic of me.
D = Moderately characteristic of me.
E = Very characteristic of me.
SECTION I
Self-oriented parenting perfectionism: items 1‚ 6‚ 11‚ 16‚ 21‚ and 26
Societal prescribed parenting perfectionism: items 2‚ 7‚ 12‚ 17‚ 22‚ and 27
Partner’s self-oriented parenting perfectionism: items 3‚ 8‚ 13‚ 18‚ 23‚ and 28
Partner prescribed parenting perfectionism: items 4‚ 9‚ 14‚ 19‚ 24‚ and 29
partner expected standards for parenting: items 5‚ 10‚ 15‚ 20‚ 25‚ and 30
SECTION II
Concern over parenting mistakes: items 9‚ 10‚ 13‚ 14‚ 18‚ 21‚ 23‚ 25‚ 34
Doubts about parenting activity: items 17‚ 28‚ 32‚ 33
Personal parenting standards: items 4‚ 6‚ 12‚ 16‚ 19‚ 24‚ 30
Partner’s parenting expectations: items 1‚ 11‚ 15‚ 20‚ 26
Partner’s parenting criticism: items 3‚ 5‚ 22‚ 35
Parental organization: items 2‚ 7‚ 8‚ 27‚ 29‚ 31
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Snell‚ W. E.‚ Jr.‚ & Overbey‚ G. (1997). Measuring multiple aspects of parenting perfectionism: The Multidimensional Parenting PerfectionismQuestionnaire (MPPQ). Manuscript in preparation.
Frost‚ R. O.‚ Marten‚ P. A.‚ Lahart‚ C.‚ & Rosenblate‚ R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research‚ 14‚ 449-468.
Hewitt‚ P. L.‚ Flett‚ G. L.‚ Turnbull-Donovan‚ W.‚ & Mikail‚ S. F. (1991). The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: Reliability‚ validity‚ and psychometric properties in psychiatric samples. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology‚ 3‚ 464-468.
Snell‚ W. E.‚ Jr.‚ Overbey‚ G.‚ & Brewer‚ A. L. (2005). Parenting perfectionism and the parenting role. Personality and Individual Differences‚ 39‚ 613-624.