Empathy and perspective-taking
My Interpersonal Dispositions
Modification of Davis’ 1983 instrument
Rusbult et al.
همدردی و دریافت (درک) دیدگاه دیگران
1. When I see someone being taken advantage of‚ I feel kind of protective toward him/her.
2. When my partner and I are having a fight and I’m sure I’m right‚ I don’t waste a lot of time discussing my partner’s ideas about the situation.
3. I don’t feel all that upset when my partner fails at something he/she cares about.
4. I sometimes try to understand my friends better by imagining how things look from their perspective.
5. I don’t become all that upset about negative events in my partner’s life.
6. I try to look at my partner’s side of a disagreement before I make a decision.
7. I often have tender‚ concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me.
8. When I’m upset at someone‚ I usually try to “put myself in his shoes” for a while.
9. Sometimes I don’t feel very sorry for other people when they are having problems.
10. When I’m upset or irritated by my partner‚ I try to imagine how I would feel if I were in my partner’s shoes.
11. When my partner has problems in his/her life‚ I feel really terrible.
12. I sometimes find it difficult to see things from the “other guy’s” point of view.
13. Other people’s misfortunes do not usually disturb me a great deal.
14. When my partner has hurt me‚ before I get angry I try to imagine how I would be feeling and thinking if I were in his/her place.
15. I feel terribly sorry when things aren’t going well for my partner.
16. Before criticizing somebody‚ I try to imagine how I would feel if I were in his/her place.
نمره گذاری
Do Not Agree At All= 0‚ 1‚ 2‚ 3‚ Agree Somewhat= 4‚ 5‚6‚ 7‚ 8= Agree Completely
Generalized Empathy: items 1‚ 7‚ 9 (R)‚ and 13 (R)
Generalized Perspective-Taking: items 4‚ 8‚ 12(R)‚ and 16
Partner-Specific Empathy: 3 (R)‚ 5(R)‚ 11‚ and 15
Partner-Specific Perspective-Taking: items 2(R)‚ 6‚ 10‚ and 14
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع و ماخذ
Davis‚ Mark H. (1980). A Multidimensional Approach to Individual Differences in Empathy. JSAS Catalog of selected Documents in Psychology‚ 10‚ 85.
Davis‚ M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ 44(1)‚ 113–126.