Willingness To Communicate (WTC)
McCroskey & Richmond‚ 1987
تمایل به برقراری ارتباط
1. Talk with a service station attendant.
2. Talk with a physician.
3. Present a talk to a group of strangers.
4. Talk with an acquaintance while standing in line.
5. Talk with a salesperson in a store.
6. Talk in a large meeting of friends.
7. Talk with a police officer.
8. Talk in a small group of strangers.
9. Talk with a friend while standing in line.
10.Talk with a waiter/waitress in a restaurant.
11.Talk in a large meeting of acquaintances.
12.Talk with a stranger while standing in line.
13.Talk with a secretary.
14.Present a talk to a group of friends.
15.Talk in a small group of acquaintances.
16.Talk with a garbage collector.
17.Talk in a large meeting of strangers.
18.Talk with a spouse (or girl/boyfriend).
19.Talk in a small group of friends.
20.Present a talk to a group of acquaintances.
شرح سایت روان سنجی: اغلب مردم به یک پرسش مستقیم پاسخ می دهند ولی بسیاری ادامه نداده و تعامل را آغاز نمی کنند. این ابزار تمایل فرد به آغاز یک ارتباط را اندازه گیری می کند.
در ایران این ابزار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. به دو نشانی در بخش منابع اشاره می شود.
اعتبار: آلفا کرونباخ از 0.85 تا بیش از 0.90، بازآزمایی پس از سه ماه 0.79
نمره گذاری
0 = Never to 100 = Always
Scoring:
Context-type sub-scores--
Group Discussion: Add scores for items 8‚ 15‚ & 19; then divide by 3.
Meetings: Add scores for items 6‚ 11‚ 17; then divide by 3.
Interpersonal: Add scores for items 4‚ 9‚ 12; then divide by 3.
Public Speaking: Add scores for items 3‚ 14‚ 20; then divide by 3.
Receiver-type sub-scores--
Stranger: Add scores for items 3‚ 8‚ 12‚ 17; then divide by 4.
Acquaintance: Add scores for items 4‚ 11‚ 15‚ 20; then divide by 4.
Friend: Add scores for items 6‚ 9‚ 14‚ 19; then divide by 4.
To compute the total WTC score‚ add the sub scores for stranger‚ acquaintance‚ and friend. Then divide by 3.
All scores‚ total and sub-scores‚ will fall in the range of 0 to 100
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
McCroskey‚ J. C.‚ & Richmond‚ V. P. (1987). Willingness to communicate. In J. C. McCroskey & J. A. Daly (Eds.)‚ Personality and interpersonal communication (pp. 119-131). Newbury Park‚ CA: Sage.
McCroskey‚ J. C.‚ & Richmond‚ V. P. (1990). Willingness to communicate: Differing cultural perspectives. Southern Communication Journal‚ 56(1)‚ 72-77
McCroskey‚ J. C. (1992). Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly‚ 40‚ 16-25.
Modirkhameneha‚ Sima & Firouzmand‚ Ali (2014) Iranian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate and Language Learning Orientations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences‚ 98; 1134-1139.