15- Dimensional Health-Related Quality of Life
Sintonen‚ 1995‚ 2001
اندازه گیری کیفیت زندگی در 15 بعد
QUESTION 1: MOBILITY
1. I am able to walk normally (without difficulty) indoors‚ outdoors‚ and on stairs.
2. I am able to walk without difficulty indoors‚ but outdoors and/or on stairs I have slight difficulties.
3. I am able to walk without help indoors (with or without an appliance)‚ but outdoors and/or on stairs only with considerable difficulty or with help from others.
4. I am able to walk indoors only with help from others.
5. I am completely bed-ridden and unable to move about.
QUESTION 2: VISION
1. I see normally‚ that is‚ I can read newspapers and TV text without difficulty (with or without glasses).
2. I can read papers and/or TV text with slight difficulty (with or without glasses).
3. I can read papers and/or TV text with considerable difficulty (with or without glasses).
4. I cannot read papers or TV text either with glasses or without‚ but I can see enough to walk about without guidance.
5. I cannot see enough to walk about without a guide‚ that is‚ I am almost or completely blind.
QUESTION 3: HEARING
1. I can hear normally‚ that is‚ normal speech (with or without a hearing aid).
2. I hear normal speech with a little difficulty.
3. I hear normal speech with considerable difficulty; in conversation I need voices to be louder than normal.
4. I hear even loud voices poorly; I am almost deaf.
5. I am completely deaf.
QUESTION 4: BREATHING
1. I am able to breathe normally‚ that is‚ with no shortness of breath or other breathing difficulty.
2. I have shortness of breath during heavy work or sports‚ or when walking briskly on fl at ground or slightly uphill.
3. I have shortness of breath when walking on fl at ground at the same speed as others my age.
4. I get shortness of breath even after light activity‚ for example‚ washing or dressing myself.
5. I have breathing difficulties almost all the time‚ even when resting.
QUESTION 5: SLEEPING
1. I am able to sleep normally‚ that is‚ I have no problems with sleeping.
2. I have slight problems with sleeping‚ for example‚ difficulty falling asleep at night.
3. I have moderate problems with sleeping‚ for example‚ disturbed sleep or feeling I have not slept enough.
4. I have great problems with sleeping‚ for example‚ having to use sleeping pills often or routinely‚ or usually waking at night and/or too early in the morning.
5. I suffer severe sleeplessness‚ for example‚ sleep is almost impossible even with full use of sleeping pills or staying awake most of the night.
QUESTION 6: EATING
1. I am able to eat normally‚ that is‚ with no help from others.
2. I am able to eat by myself with minor difficulty (e.g.‚ slowly‚ clumsily‚ shakily‚ or with special appliances).
3. I need some help from another person in eating.
4. I am unable to eat by myself at all‚ so I must be fed by another person.
5. I am unable to eat at all‚ so I am fed either by tube or intravenously.
QUESTION 7: SPEECH
1. I am able to speak normally‚ that is‚ clearly‚ audibly‚ and fluently.
2. I have slight speech difficulties‚ for example‚ occasional fumbling for words‚ mumbling‚ or changes of pitch.
3. I can make myself understood‚ but my speech is‚ for example‚ disjointed‚ faltering‚ stuttering‚ or stammering.
4. Most people have great difficulty understanding my speech.
5. I can only make myself understood by gestures.
QUESTION 8: ELIMINATION
1. My bladder and bowel work normally and without problems.
2. I have slight problems with my bladder and/or bowel function‚ for example‚ difficulties with urination‚ or loose or hard bowels.
3. I have marked problems with my bladder and/or bowel function‚ for example‚ occasional “accidents” or severe constipation or diarrhea.
4. I have serious problems with my bladder and/or bowel function‚ for example‚ routine “accidents” or need of catheterization or enemas.
5. I have no control over my bladder and/or bowel function.
QUESTION 9: USUAL ACTIVITIES
1. I am able to perform my usual activities (e.g.‚ employment‚ studying‚ housework‚ free-time activities) without difficulty.
2. I am able to perform my usual activities slightly less effectively or with minor difficulty.
3. I am able to perform my usual activities much less effectively‚ with considerable difficulty‚ or not completely.
4. I can only manage a small proportion of my previously usual activities.
5. I am unable to manage any of my previously usual activities.
QUESTION 10: MENTAL FUNCTION
1. I am able to\ think clearly and logically‚ and my memory functions well.
2. I have slight difficulties in thinking clearly and logically‚ or my memory sometimes fails me.
3. I have marked difficulties in thinking clearly and logically‚ or my memory is somewhat impaired.
4. I have great difficulties in thinking clearly and logically‚ or my memory is seriously impaired.
5. I am permanently confused and disoriented in place and time.
QUESTION 11: DISCOMFORT AND SYMPTOMS
1. I have no physical discomfort or symptoms‚ for example‚ pain‚ ache‚ nausea‚ itching‚ and so on.
2. I have mild physical discomfort or symptoms‚ for example‚ pain‚ ache‚ nausea‚ itching‚ and so on.
3. I have marked physical discomfort or symptoms‚ for example‚ pain‚ ache‚ nausea‚ itching‚ and so on.
4. I have severe physical discomfort or symptoms‚ for example‚ pain‚ ache‚ nausea‚ itching‚ and so on.
5. I have unbearable physical discomfort or symptoms‚ for example‚ pain‚ ache‚ nausea‚ itching‚ and so on.
QUESTION 12: DEPRESSION
1. I do not feel at all sad‚ melancholic‚ or depressed.
2. I feel slightly sad‚ melancholic‚ or depressed.
3. I feel moderately sad‚ melancholic‚ or depressed.
4. I feel very sad‚ melancholic‚ or depressed.
5. I feel extremely sad‚ melancholic‚ or depressed.
QUESTION 13: DISTRESS
1. I do not feel at all anxious‚ stressed‚ or nervous.
2. I feel slightly anxious‚ stressed‚ or nervous.
3. I feel moderately anxious‚ stressed‚ or nervous.
4. I feel very anxious‚ stressed‚ or nervous.
5. I feel extremely anxious‚ stressed‚ or nervous.
QUESTION 14: VITALITY
1. I feel healthy and energetic.
2. I feel slightly weary‚ tired‚ or feeble.
3. I feel moderately weary‚ tired‚ or feeble.
4. I feel very weary‚ tired‚ or feeble‚ almost exhausted.
5. I feel extremely weary‚ tired‚ or feeble‚ totally exhausted.
QUESTION 15: SEXUAL ACTIVITY
1. My state of health has no adverse effect on my sexual activity.
2. My state of health has a slight effect on my sexual activity.
3. My state of health has a considerable effect on my sexual activity.
4. My state of health makes sexual activity almost impossible.
5. My state of health makes sexual activity impossible.
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این ابزار کیفیت زندگی را در 15 می سنجد. این ابزار دارای نسخه 16 و 17 بعدی نیز هست.
اعتبار: به صورت بازآزمایی دو مرحله ای: الف) مقایسه میانگین نمره ها نزد بیماران در انتظار "بای پس" پس از سه ماه (اختاف میانگین از 0.05- تا 0.03 و معنی دار نبودن اختلاف) و ب) درصد تفاوت میان آزمودنی ها (سینتونن، 1993 را ببینید)
نمره گذاری: اندازه گیری به صورت "0" و "1" یا "0" و "100" انجام می شود.
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Sintonen H‚ Pekurinen M. (1989) A generic 15 dimensional measure of health-related quality of life (15D). Journal of Social Medicine 26‚ 85-96.
Sintonen H‚ Pekurinen M. (1993) A fifteen dimensional measure of health-related quality of life (15D) and its applications. In Walker SR‚ Rosser RM. (Eds.) Quality of life assessment. Key issues in the 1990s. Kluwer‚ Dordrecht‚ 185-195‚ 467-470.
Sintonen‚ H. (1995). The 15D-measure of health-related quality-of-life‚ II. Feasibility‚ reliability‚ and validity of its valuation system. National Centre for Health Program Evaluation‚ Working Paper 42‚ Melbourne
Sintonen‚ H. (2001). The 15D instrument of health-related quality of life: Properties and applications. Annuals of Medicine‚ 33‚ 328-336.
Sintonen‚ H. (2001). 15Dimentional Health-Related Quality of Life. In: Simmons C. A.‚ Lehmann P. (eds). Tools for strengths-based assessment and evaluation‚ New York‚ NY: Springer‚ pp. 100-104. (2013). Google Scholar