Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes (IPPA-32R)
Kass et al.‚ 1991; Kass‚ 1998
پرسشنامه نگرش های روانی مثبت
PART 1 - Life Purpose and Satisfaction (LPS)
1. Most of the day‚ my energy level is: Very low 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very high
2. As a whole‚ my life seems: Dull 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vibrant
3. My daily activities are: Not a source of satisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A source of satisfaction
4. I have come to expect that every day will be: Exactly the same 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 New and different
5. When I think deeply about life: I feel there is no purpose to it 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I feel there is a purpose to it
6. I feel that my life so far has: Not been productive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Been productive
7. I feel that the work* I am doing: Is of no value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Is of great value
8. I wish I were different from who I am: Agree strongly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Disagree strongly
9. At this time‚ I have: Not clearly defined goals for my life 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Clearly defined goals for my life
10.When sad things happen to me or other people: I cannot feel positive about life 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I continue to feel positive about life
11.When I think about what I have done with my life‚ I feel: Worthless 1 2 3 4 5 6 7orthwhile
12.My present life: Does not satisfy me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Satisfies me
13.I feel joy in my heart: Never 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All the time
14.I feel trapped by my circumstances: Agree strongly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Disagree strongly
15.When I think about my past: I feel many regrets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I feel no regrets
16.Deep inside: I do not feel loved 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I feel loved
17.When I think about my problems: I do not feel hopeful about solving them 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I feel very hopeful about solving them
*The definition of work is not limited to income-producing jobs. It includes childcare‚ housework‚ studies‚ and volunteering
PART 2 - Self-Confidence During Stress (SCDS)
1. When I am under a great deal of pressure: I get tense 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I remain calm
2. I react to problems and difficulties: With great frustration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Without frustration
3. In a difficult situation‚ I am confident that I will receive the help I need: Strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly agree
4. In stressful circumstances‚ I experience anxiety: All the time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never
5. When I have made a mistake during a stressful situation: I feel extreme dislike for myself 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I continue to like myself
6. When a situation becomes difficult‚ I worry that something bad is going to happen to me or those I love: All the time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never
7. In a stressful situation: I cannot concentrate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I can concentrate easily
8. During stressful circumstances‚ I am fearful: All the time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never
9. When I need to stand up for myself: I cannot do it 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I can do it easily
10.I feel less than adequate in difficult situations: Agree strongly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Disagree strongly
11.In times of stress‚ I feel isolated and alone: Agree strongly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Disagree strongly
12.In really difficult situations: I feel unable to respond in positive ways 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I am peaceful‚ free of thoughts & worries
13.When I need to relax during stressful times: I experience no peace—only thoughts and worries 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I am peaceful‚ free of thoughts and worries
14.In a frightening situation: I panic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I remain calm
15.During stressful times‚ I worry about the future: All the time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این پرسشنامه جهان بینی مثبت، اعتماد به نفس در خود و زندگی را می سنجد.
Life Purpose and Satisfaction (LPS); Self-Confidence During Stress (SCDS) and together Confidence in Life and Self (CLS)
اعتبار: هماهنگی درونی، آلفا کرونباخ برای خرده مقیاس "هدف و رضایت از زندگی" 0.86 تا 0.92 و برای خرده مقیاس "اعتماد به نفس" از 0.81 تا 0.94 و "برای اعتماد به نفس خود وزندگی" 0.93 تا 0.96
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Kass‚ J. D.‚ Friedman‚ R.‚ Leserman‚ J.‚ Caudill‚ M.‚ Zuttermeister‚ P. C.‚ & Benson‚ H. (1991). An inventory of positive psychological attitudes with potential relevance to health outcomes: Validation and preliminary testing. Behavioral Medicine‚ 17(3)‚ 121–129.
Kass‚ J. (1998). The Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes: Measuring attitudes that buffer stress and facilitate primary prevention using constructs responsive to diverse cultural worldviews. In‚ C. Zalaquett & R. Wood (Ed.). Evaluating stress: A book of resources‚ Volume 2. Lanham‚ MD: Scarecrow Press/University Press of America
Kass‚ J.D.‚ Friedman‚ R.‚ Leserman‚ J.‚ Caudill‚ M.‚ Zuttermeister‚ P.C.‚ Benson‚ H. (1991). An inventory of positive psychological attitudes with potential relevance to health outcomes: Validation and preliminary testing. Behavioral Medicine‚ 17(3)‚ 121-129.
Kass et al.‚ 1991; Kass‚ 1998. Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes. In: Simmons C. A.‚ Lehmann P. (eds). Tools for strengths-based assessment and evaluation‚ New York‚ NY: Springer‚ pp. 207-210. (2013). Google Scholar