Individualism‚ Power Distance‚ Uncertainty Avoidance

Individualism‚ Power Distance‚ Uncertainty Avoidance
Yoo‚ 1996
مقیاس فردگرایی، فاصله قدرت و اجتناب از قطعیت
Individualism (IND)
1.    Individuals should sacrifice self-interest for the group
2.    Individuals should stick with the group even through difficulties
3.    Group well being is more important than individual rewards
4.    Group success is more important than individuals success
5.    Being an accepted group member is important
6.    Individuals should only pursue their goals after considering the well being of the group
7.    Group loyalty should be encouraged even if individual goals suffer
8.    Individuals should not be expected to give up their goals in order to benefit group success
Power Distance
1.    People in higher positions should make most decisions without consulting people in lower positions
2.    People in higher positions should use authority and power when dealing with people in lower positions
3.    People in higher positions should not ask the opinions of people in lower positions too frequently
4.    People in higher positions should avoid social interactions with people in lower positions
5.    People in lower positions should not disagree with decisions made by people in higher positions
6.    It is difficult for people in lower positions to meet and talk with people in higher positions
7.    People in lower positions should be cautious about how to express themselves when disagreeing with people in higher positions
Uncertainty Avoidance
1.    It is important to have instructions spelled out in detail so that I always know what I am expected to do
2.    It is important to closely follow instructions and procedures
3.    Rules and regulations are important because they inform me as to what is expected of me
4.    Standardized work procedures are helpful
5.    Instructions for operations are important
6.    I don’t feel comfortable when people ask me to do something and then don’t give me the information I need to do it
شرح سایت روان سنجی: "یو، 1996" در رساله دکترای خود به بررسی تفاوت های بین فرهنگی در برخی متغیرهای فرهنگی مرتبط به رفتارهای سلامت روانی، بروز افسردگی و نگرش به روان شناسی حرفه ای پویا پرداخت.
نام این ابزار، توسط سایت روان سنجی اختیار شده است.
اعتبار: آلفا کرونباخ 0.66 تا .084
نمره گذاری: 1 تا 9 لیکرت
چگونگی دستیابی
This instrument can be found at: https://www.proquest.com/openview/6ef400557724062d8bc921734d8aa3cf/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y & http://ibrarian.net/navon/paper/Instruments_for_Measuring_Cultural_Values_and_Beh.pdf?paperid=5383441
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Yoo‚ S.-K. (1996). Individualism-collectivism‚ attribution styles of mental illness‚ depression symptomatology‚ and attitudes toward seeking professional help: A comparative study between Koreans and Americans. Dissertations Publishing‚ University of Minnesota‚ Twin Cities‚ MN