Beliefs‚ Values‚ and Norms concerning Individualism-Collectivism Beliefs

Beliefs‚ Values‚ and Norms concerning Individualism-Collectivism Beliefs
Wagner & Moch‚ 1986
باورها، ارزش ها و هنجارهای مربوط به باورهای فردگرایی- جمع گرایی
Beliefs‚ Values‚ and Norms concerning Individualism-Collectivism Beliefs
1.    My work group is more productive when its members do what they want to do rather than what the group wants them to do
2.    My work group is most efficient when its members do what they think is the best‚ rather than what the group wants them to do
3.    My work group is most efficient when its members do follow their own interests and concerns
Values
1.    I prefer to work with others in a group rather than working alone
2.    Given the choice‚ I would rather do a job where I can work alone rather than do a job where I have to work with others in my work group
3.    I like it when members of my work group do things on their own‚ rather than working with others all the time
Norms
1.    People in a group should be willing to make sacrifices for the sake of the group as a whole (such as working late now and then; giving out of their way to help‚ etc.)
2.    People in a group should realize that they sometimes are going to have to make sacrifices for the sake of the group as a whole
3.    People who belong to a group should recognize that they are not always going to get what they personally want
4.    People should be made aware that if they are going to be part of a group then they are sometimes going to have to do things they don't want to do
5.    People in my workgroup should do their best to cooperate with each other instead of trying to work things out on their own
Wagner‚ 1995
Supremacy of individual goals
1.    People in group should realize that they are not always going to get what they want
2.    People in a group should be willing to make sacrifices for the sake of the group as a whole
3.    People who belong to a group should realize that they are not always going to get what they personally want
4.    A group’s goals and interests must be paramount
Self-reliance
1.    Only those who depend on themselves get ahead in their life
2.    The only person I can rely on is myself
3.    In the long run‚ the only person you can count on is yourself
4.    If you want to get something done right‚ then you have to do it yourself
Supremacy of individual interests
1.    For a group to function efficiently‚ an individual must do what he/she thinks is right
2.    A group is more productive when members follow their own interests and concerns
3.    A group is more productive when members to what they want to do rather than what the group wants them to do
4.    A group is more efficient when members do what they think is best rather than what the group want them do to
Competitiveness
1.    Winning is everything
2.    Doing you best is not enough; it is important to win
3.    Success is ht most important thing in life
4.    I feel that winning is important in both work and games
Solitary (team) work preference
1.    I prefer to work with others rather than work alone
2.    Given a choice‚ I would rather work alone than n working in a group
3.    Working in a group is better than working alone
Ontological ind-col: My own identity
1.    One of my highest values is to be all I can be
2.    It is important to me that I am unique
3.    My personal identity‚ independent of others‚ is very important to me
شرح سایت روان سنجی: پرسشنامه ای برای اندازه گیری فردگرایی- جمع گرایی است. بخش های گوناگون این ابزار توسط "واگنر و همکاران" برای بررسی این دو ویژگی در سازمان ها تا کنون مورد استفاده بوده است.
اعتبار: آلفا کرونباخ 0.7 تا 0.91
نمره گذاری:
7-point agree–disagree Likert response scales
چگونگی دستیابی
This instrument can be found at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236862257 & http://ibrarian.net/navon/paper/Instruments_for_Measuring_Cultural_Values_and_Beh.pdf?paperid=5383441
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Wagner‚ J. A. (1995). Studies of individualism-collectivism: Effects of cooperation in groups. Academy of Management Journal‚38‚ 152-172.
Wagner‚ J. A.‚ & Moch‚ M. K. (1986). Individualism-collectivism: Concept and measure. Group and Organization Studies‚ 11‚ 280–303.
Wagner‚ J. A.‚ III. (2002). Utilitarian and ontological variation in individualism-collectivism. In B. M. Staw‚ & R. M. Kramer (Eds.)‚ Research in organizational behavior. (Vol. 24‚ pp. 301–345). Amsterdam‚ the Netherlands: JAI-Elsevier.
Wagner‚ J. A.‚ Humphrey‚ S. E.‚ Meyer‚ C‚ J.‚& Hollenbeck‚ J. R. (2012). Individualism–collectivism and team member performance: Another look. Journal of Organizational Behavior‚ J. Organiz. Behav. 33‚ 946–963 (2012) Published online 19 September 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/job.783f