Independent Self-Construal

Independent Self-Construal
Markus & Kitayama‚ 1994
خود سازی مستقل (فردگرایانه)
Independent Self-Construal
1.    I don’t change my opinions in conformity with those of the majority
2.    I don’t support my group when the are wrong
3.    I assert my opposition with I disagree strongly with the members of my group
4.    I act the same way no matter who I am with
5.    I enjoy being unique and different from others in many respects
6.    I am comfortable with being singled out for praise or rewards
7.    Speaking up in a work/task group is not a problem for me
8.    I value being in good health above everything
Interdependent Self-Construal
1.    I will sacrifice my self-interest for the benefit of the group I am in
2.    I act as fellow group member prefer
3.    I stick with my group even through difficulties
4.    It is important for me to maintain harmony within my group
5.    I will stay in a group if they need me‚ even when I am not happy with the group
6.    Even when I strongly disagree with group members‚ I avoid an argument
7.    I respect who are modest about themselves
8.    I often have the feeling that my relationship with others is more important than my own accomplishments
9.    My happiness depends on the happiness of those around me
شرح سایت روان سنجی: خود ساختاری، اصطلاحی که توسط مارکوس و کیتایاما (1991) ابداع شده است ، به چگونگی درک افراد در رابطه با دیگران ، به ویژه میزان ارتباط یا جدایی از دیگران ، بر اساس فرضیات مشترک فرهنگی اشاره دارد..
اعتبار: سایت روان سنجی اطلاعاتی ندارد.
نمره گذاری:
7 point rating scale (1= strongly disagree; 4 = neither agree or disagree; 7 = strongly agree)
1 = strongly disagree; 2 = somewhat disagree; 3 = a little disagree; 4 = neither agree or disagree; 5 = a little agree; 6 = somewhat agree; 7 = strongly agree.
چگونگی دستیابی
This instrument can be found at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232558390_Culture_and_the_Self_Implications_for_Cognition_Emotion_and_Motivation & http://ibrarian.net/navon/paper/Instruments_for_Measuring_Cultural_Values_and_Beh.pdf?paperid=5383441
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Markus‚ H. R.‚ & Kitayama‚ S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition‚ emotion and motivation. Psychological Review‚ 98‚ 224–253. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224.
Markus‚ H. R.‚ & Kitayama‚ S. (1994). A collective fear of the collective: Implications for selves and theories of selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin‚ 20(5)‚ 568-579.
Matsumoto‚ David. (2003). Culture and self: An empirical assessment of Markus and Kitayama’s theory of independent and interdependent self-construals. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. Volume 2‚ Issue 3 p. 289-310
Markus‚ H. R.‚ & Conner‚ A. L. (2014). Clash! How to thrive in a multicultural world. New York: Plume.