Transgression Narrative Test of Forgiveness (TNTF)
Berry et al.‚ 2001
آزمون روایتی چشم پوشی از بخشش
Directions: Below are a number of situations in which people might find themselves. People respond in different ways to these situations in terms of what things they will forgive. We would like you to read each situation and imagine it has happened to you.
Then we would like you to use the scale below to indicate how you think you would respond to the situation:
1. Someone you occasionally see in a class has a paper due at the end of the week. You have already completed the paper for the class and this person says he or she is under a lot of time pressure and asks you to lend him or her your paper for some ideas. You agree‚ and this person simply retypes the paper and hands it in. The professor recognizes the paper‚ calls both of you to her office‚ scolds you‚ and says you are lucky she doesn’t put you both on academic probation.
Imagine yourself in such a situation and mark how likely you are to forgive the person who borrowed your paper.
2. A fairly close friend tells you that he or she needs some extra money for an upcoming holiday.
You know a married couple who needs a babysitter for their 3-year-old for a couple of nights and you recommend your friend. Your friend is grateful and takes the job. On the first night‚ the child gets out of bed and‚ while your friend has fallen asleep watching television‚ drinks cleaning fluid from beneath the kitchen sink. The child is taken by an ambulance to the hospital and stays there for 2 days for observation and treatment. The married couple will not speak to you.
Imagine yourself in such a situation and mark how likely you are to forgive your friend.
3. A friend offers to drop off a job application for you at the post office by the deadline for submission. A week later‚ you get a letter from the potential employer saying that your application could not be considered because it was postmarked after the deadline and they had a very strict policy about this. Your friend said that he or she met an old friend‚ went to lunch‚ and lost track of time. When he or she remembered the package‚ it was close to closing time at the post office and he or she would have to have rushed frantically to get there; he or she decided that deadlines usually aren’t that strictly enforced so he or she waited until the next morning to deliver the package. Imagine yourself in such a situation and mark how likely you are to forgive your friend for not delivering the application on time.
4. You just started a new job and it turns out that a classmate from high school works there‚ too. You think this is great; now you don’t feel like such a stranger. Even though the classmate wasn’t part of your crowd‚ there’s at least a face you recognize. You two hit it off right away and talk about old times. A few weeks later‚ you are having lunch in the cafeteria and you overhear several of your coworkers‚ who do not realize you are nearby‚ talking about you and laughing; one even sounds snide and hostile toward you. You discover that your old classmate has told them about something you did back in school that you are deeply ashamed of and did not want anyone to know about. Imagine yourself in such a situation and mark how likely you are to forgive your old classmate for telling others your secret.
5. A distant cousin you haven’t seen since childhood calls you one day and asks if he can stay with you while he looks for work and an apartment. You say it will be fine. He asks you to pick him up from the bus station that night and you do so. Your cousin is just like you fondly remember him; you reminisce for several hours. The next morning you give him some advice on job and apartment hunting in the area‚ then you go about your own business. That night you come home and witness an angry argument in front of your residence between your cousin and a neighbor. Your cousin is obviously very drunk‚ cursing‚ and out of control. You ask what’s happening and without really taking the time to recognize you‚ your cousin throws a bottle at you‚ cutting the side of your head. The police arrive and‚ with some scuffling‚ take your cousin away and take you to the emergency room where you have stitches put on your cut. The next afternoon‚ your cousin calls from the police station. He says he is really sorry about the whole scene and that it was not like him but he was upset about being turned down for three jobs that day. Imagine yourself in such a situation and mark how likely you are to forgive your cousin.
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این ابزار برپایه سناریو طراحی شده است. پنج سناریو به آزمودنی ارائه و از او خواسته می شود تا در یک طیف لیکرت چگونگی بخشش خود را مشخص کند.
اعتبار: آلفا کرونباخ 0.75 تا 0.82 (براون، 2003).
نمره گذاری
1= definitely not forgive‚ 2 = not likely to forgive‚ 3 = just as likely to forgive as not‚ 4 = likely to forgive‚ and 5 = definitely forgive.
چگونگی دستیابی:
منبع و ماخذ
Berry‚ Jack W.‚ Worthington‚ E. L.‚ Parrott‚ Les .‚ O’Connor‚ Lynn E.‚ Wade Nathaniel G. (2001). Dispositional Forgivingness: Development and Construct Validity of the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin‚ 27(10); 1277-1290.
Brown‚ R. P. (2003). Measuring individual differences in the tendency to forgive: Construct validity and links with depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin‚ 29(6)‚ 759-771.