Writing Apprehension Test (WAT)
The Daly-Miller Test
Daly & Miller‚ 1975
آزمون دلهره نوشتن
1. I avoid writing.
2. I have no fear of my writing being evaluated.
3. I look forward to writing down my ideas.
4. My mind seems to go blank when I start to work on a composition.
5. Expressing ideas through writing seems to be a waste of time.
6. I would enjoy submitting my writing to magazines for evaluation and publication.
7. I like to write my ideas down.
8. I feel confident in my ability to clearly express my ideas in writing.
9. I like to have my friends read what I have written.
10.I am nervous about writing.
11.People seem to enjoy what I write.
12.I enjoy writing.
13.I never seem to be able to clearly write down my ideas.
14.Writing is a lot of fun.
15.I like seeing my thoughts on paper.
16.Discussing my writing with others is an enjoyable experience.
17.It is easy for me to write good compositions.
18.I don't think I write as well as most other people do.
19.I don't like my compositions to be evaluated.
20.I am no good at writing.
The Daly-Miller Test
1. I avoid writing. (+)
2. I have no fear of my writing's being evaluated. (-)
3. I look forward to writing down my ideas. (-)
4. I am afraid of writing essays when I know they will be evaluated. (+)
5. Taking a composition course is a very frightening experience.(+)
6. Handing in a composition makes me feel good. (-)
7. My mind seems to go blank when I start to work on my composition. (+)
8. Expressing ideas through writing seems to be a waste of time. (+)
9. I would enjoy submitting my writing to magazines for evaluation and publication. (-)
10.I like to write down my ideas. (-)
11.I feel confident in my ability to express my ideas clearly in writing. (-)
12.I like to have my friends read what I have written. (-)
13.I'm nervous about writing. (+)
14.People seem to enjoy what I write. (-)
15.I enjoy writing. (-)
16.I never seem to be able to write down my ideas clearly. (+)
17.Writing is a lot of fun.(-)
18.I expect to do poorly in composition classes even before I enter them. (+)
19.I like seeing my thoughts on paper. (-)
20.Discussing my writing with others is enjoyable. (-)
21.I have a terrible time organizing my ideas in a composition course. (+)
22.When I hand in a composition‚ I know I'm going to do poorly. (+)
23.It's easy for me to write good compositions. (-)
24.I don't think I write as well as most other people. (+)
25.I don't like my compositions to be evaluated. (+)
26.I'm not good at writing. (+)
شرح سایت روان سنجی: اغلب معلمان ممکن است در کلاس دانش آموزانی را شناسایی کنند که هراس از نوشتن دارند. برای چنین کاری لازم است تا به روشنی این دانش آموزان شناسایی شوند زیرا مشاهده به تنهایی کافی نیست.
دو نسخه 20 و 26 گویه ای ارائه شده است.
اجرای برخط را می توانید در نشانی زیر بیابید.
اعتبار: دو نیمه کردن 0.940 و بازازمایی پس از یک هفته 0.923 (دالی و میلر، 1975a)
نمره گذاری
Strongly Disagree = 1; Disagree = 2; are Neutral = 3; Agree = 4; Strongly Agree = 5
Scoring for 20 items version
Scoring: To determine your score on the WAT‚ complete the following steps:
Step 1. Add scores for items 1‚ 4‚ 5‚ 10‚ 13‚ 18‚ 19‚ and 20
Step 2. Add the scores for items 2‚ 3‚ 6‚ 7‚ 8‚ 9‚ 11‚ 12‚ 14‚ 15‚ 16‚ 17
Step 3. Complete the following formula:
WAT = 48 - Total from Step 1 + Total from Step 2
Your score should be between 20 and 100. If your score is below 20 or above 100‚ you have made a mistake in computing the score.
Scoring for 26 items version
To determine your score‚ first‚ add together all point values for positive statements (PSV) only. Second‚ add together all point values for negative statements (NSV) only. Then place those scores into the following formula to discover your Writing Apprehension (WA) score:
WA = 78 + PSV-NSV
PSV questions = 1; 4; 5; 7; 8; 13; 16; 18; 21; 22; 24; 25; 26
NSV questions = 2; 3; 6; 9; 10; 11; 12; 14; 15; 17; 19; 20; 23
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Daly‚ J. A.‚ & Miller‚ M. D. (1975a). The empirical development of an instrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in Teaching of English‚ 9‚ 242-249.
Daly‚ J. and Miller‚ M. (1975). The empirical development of an instrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English‚ 9‚ 242-249
Daly‚ J. and Miller‚ M. (1975). Further studies in writing apprehension: SAT scores‚ success expectations‚ willingness to take advanced courses‚ and sex differences. Research in the Teaching of English‚ 9. 250-256.
Daly‚ J. (1978). Writing Apprehension and Writing Competency Research. Journal of Educational Psychology‚ 72(1)‚ 10-14.
Daly‚ J.A. (1978). Writing apprehension and writing intensity in business and industry. Journal of Educational Research‚ 72‚ 10-14.
Daly‚ J. A.‚ & Shamo‚W.G. (1978). Academic decisions as a function of writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English (12)‚ 119-126.
Faigley‚ L.‚ Daly‚ J. A.‚ & Witte‚ S.P. (1981). The role of writing apprehension in writing performance and competence. Journal of Educational Research‚ 75‚ 16-21.
Daly‚ J. A. & Wilson‚ D. A. (1983). Writing apprehension‚ self-esteem and ersonality. Research in the Teaching of English. 17‚ 327-341.