Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Zigmond and Snaith‚ 1983
افسردگی و اضطراب بیمارستان
1- I feel tense or ‘wound up’
Most of the time (3)‚ A lot of the time (2)‚ From time to time‚ occasionally (1)‚ Not at all (0)
2- I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy
Definitely as much (0)‚ Not quite so much (1)‚ Only a little (2)‚ Hardly at all (3)
3- I get a sort of frightened feeling as if something awful is about to happen
Very definitely and quite badly (3)‚ Yes‚ but not too badly (2)‚ A little‚ but it doesn’t worry me (1)‚ Not at all (0)
4- I can laugh and see the funny side of things
As much as I always could (0)‚ Not quite so much now (1)‚ Definitely not so much now (2)‚ Not at all (3)
5- Worrying thoughts go through my mind
A great deal of the time (3)‚ A lot of the time (2)‚ From time to time but not too often (10)‚ Only occasionally (0)
6- I feel cheerful
Not at all (3)‚ Not often (2)‚ Sometimes (1)‚ Most of the time (0)
7- I can sit at ease and feel relaxed
Definitely (0)‚ Usually (1)‚ Not often (2)‚ Not at all (3)
8- I feel as if I am slowed down
Nearly all the time (3)‚ Very often (2)‚ Sometimes (1)‚ Not at all (0)
9- I get a sort of frightened feeling like ‘butterflies’ in the stomach
Not at all (0)‚ Occasionally (1)‚ Quite often (2)‚ Very often (3)
10- I have lost interest in my appearance
Definitely (3)‚ I don’t take so much care as I should (2)‚ I may not take quite as much care (1)‚ I take just as much care as ever (0)
11- I feel restless as if I have to be on the move
Very much indeed (3)‚ Quite a lot (2)‚ Not very much (1)‚ Not at all (0)
12- I look forward with enjoyment to things
As much as I ever did (0)‚ Rather less than I used to (1)‚ Definitely less than I used to (2)‚ Hardly at all (3)
13- I get sudden feelings of panic
Very often indeed (3)‚ Quite often (2)‚ Not very often (1)‚ Not at all (0)
14- I can enjoy a good book or radio or TV programme
Often (0)‚ Sometimes (1)‚ Not often (2)‚ Very seldom (3)
شرح سایت روان سنجی: اگر چه این ابزار برای خود ارزیابی افسردگی معنا دار مراجعه کنندگان سرپایی به کلینک ها و برای افتراق میان اضطراب و افسردگی پدید امده است، اما به گونه گسترده ای به عنوان یک ابزار غربالگری بیرون از بیمارستان و رده بندی بیماران روانی به کار گرفته شده است. هفت گویه به برای اضطراب و هفت گویه به افسردگی تعلق دارد. نقطه برش برای این ابزار در مطالعه های گوناگون یکسان نیست.
اعتبار: مطالعه های بسیاری بر گونه گونه بیمارانT هماهنگی درونی ، آلفا کرونباخ را برای اضطراب از 0.76- 0.93 و برای افسردگی 0.72 تا 0.90 گزارش کرده اند. برای جمعیت عمومی نیز اضطراب 0.80 و 0.84 و افسردگی 0.76 و 0.82 گزارش شده است.
بازآزمایی پس از دو ماه برای اضطراب 0.79 و برای افسردگی 0.63(مک داول، 2006)
نمره گذاری
Anxiety (items 1‚ 3‚ 5‚ 7‚ 9‚ 11‚ and 13)‚ Depression (items 2‚ 4‚ 6‚ 8‚ 10‚ 12‚ and 14)
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Zigmond‚ AS.‚ Snaith‚ RP. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand‚ 67:361–370.
Bjelland‚ I.‚ Dahl‚ AA.‚ Haug‚ TT.‚ et al. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research; 52(2):69-77
McDowell‚ Ian. (2006). Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires‚ Third Edition. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS