Back Pain Classification Scale (BPCS)
Leavitt & Garron‚ 1978
مقیاس رده بندی درد پایین کمر
· Squeezing
· splitting
· continuous
· aching
· torturing
· transient
· gruelling
· pricking
· pulling
· periodic
· troublesome
· tender
· nagging
· throbbing
· intermittent
· quivering
· numb
· suffocating
· radiating
· nauseating
· taut
· heavy
· drilling
· frightful
· boring
· jumping
· crushing
· miserable
· dreadful
· pinching
· cutting
· drawing
· flashing
· cruel
· rasping
· killing
· penetrating
· blinding
· fearful
· annoying
· spreading
· beating
· exhausting
· tearing
· cramping
· wrenching
· rhythmic
· lacerating
· pounding
· shooting
· wretched
· momentary
· hurting
· intense
· dull
· hot
· pins and needles
· pulsing
· punishing
· superficial
· stinging
· burning
· deep
· brief
· sharp
· localized
· cold
· tiring
· unlocalized
· flickering
· scalding
· spasms
· unbearable
· gnawing
· diffuse
· tugging
· stabbing
· surface
· agonizing
· tingling
· stiff
· piercing
· freezing
· skin pain
· smarting
· tight
· muscle pain
· steady
· itchy
· bone pain
· constant
· pressing
· joint pain
· lancinating
· sore
· moving pain
· terrifying
· sickening
· electrical
· vicious
· searing
· shock-like
· cool
شرح سایت روان سنجی: "لویت و گارون" بر این فرضیه اند که در بسیاری از مبتلایان به به کمر درد، همواره یک اختلال عضوی را نمی توان نشان داد، بلکه ممکن است از بازتاب یک پریشانی روانی باشد. این مقیاس برای غربالگری کمر درد اندامی، از کمر درد روانی است.
اعتبار: بازازمایی پس از 24 ساعت 0.86در 114 بیمار بیمارستانی، دو نیمه کردن 0.89 در 158 بیمار، بازازمایی پس از 5 روز 0.44
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Leavitt‚ F.‚ Garron‚ D.C.‚ Whisler‚ W.W‚ et al. (1978). Affective and sensory dimensions of back pain. Pain‚ 4:273–281.
Leavitt‚ F.‚ Garron‚ D.C.(1979). The detection of psychological disturbance in patients with low back pain. J Psychosom Res‚ 23:149–154.
Leavitt‚ F.‚ Garron‚ D.C.(1979). Psychological disturbance and pain report differences in both organic and non-organic low back pain patients. Pain‚ 7:187–195.
Leavitt‚ F.‚ Garron‚ D.C. (1979). Validity of a Back Pain Classification Scale among patients with low back pain not associated with demonstrable organic disease. J Psychosom Res‚ 23:301–306.
Leavitt‚ F.‚ Garron‚ D.C.(1980). Validity of a Back Pain Classification Scale for detecting psychological disturbance as measured by the MMPI. Journal of Clinical Psychology‚ 36:186–189.
Leavitt‚ F.‚ Garron‚ D.C.‚ McNeill‚T.w‚ et al. (1980). Organic Status‚ Psychological Disturbance‚ and Pain Report characteristics in Low-Back-Pain Patients on Compensation. Spine‚ 7(4): 398-401.
Leavitt‚ F. (1982). Comparison of three measures for detecting psychological disturbance in patients with low back pain. Pain‚ 13:299–305.
Leavitt‚ F. (1985). Pain and deception: use of verbal pain measurement as a diagnostic aid in differentiating between clinical and simulated low-back pain. J Psychosom Res‚ 29:495–505.
Biedermann HJ‚ Monga‚ T.N.‚ Shanks‚ G.L‚ et al. (1986). The classification of back pain patients: functional versus organic. J Psychosom Res‚ 30:273–276.
Leavitt‚ F. (1987). Use of verbal pain measurement in the detection of hidden psychological morbidity among low back pain patients with objective organic findings. Psychol Health‚1:315–326.
Leavitt‚ F.‚ Gilbert‚ N.S.‚ Mooney‚ V. (1994). Development of the Hispanic Low Back Pain Symptom Check List. Spine‚ 19:1048–1052.
McDowell‚ Ian. (2006). Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires‚ Third Edition. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS