Right-wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWA)
Altemeyer‚ ‚ 1996‚1988
مقیاس اقتدارگرایی
1. The established authorities generally turn out to be right about things‚ while the radicals and protestors are usually just "loud mouths" showing off their ignorance.
2. Women should have to promise to obey their husbands when they get married.
3. Our country desperately needs a mighty leader who will do what has to be done to destroy the radical new ways and sinfulness that are ruining us.
4. Gays and lesbians are just as healthy and moral as anybody else.
5. It is always better to trust the judgement of the proper authorities in government and religion than to listen to the noisy rabble-rousers in our society who are trying to create doubt in people's minds.
6. Atheists and others who have rebelled against the established religions are no doubt every bit as good and virtuous as those who attend church regularly.
7. The only way our country can get through the crisis ahead is to get back to our traditional values‚ put some tough leaders in power‚ and silence the troublemakers spreading bad ideas.
8. There is absolutely nothing wrong with nudist camps.
9. Our country needs free thinkers who have the courage to defy traditional ways‚ even if this upsets many people.
10.Our country will be destroyed someday if we do not smash the perversions eating away at our moral fiber and traditional beliefs.
11.Everyone should have their own lifestyle‚ religious beliefs‚ and sexual preferences‚ even if it makes them different from everyone else.
12.The "old-fashioned ways" and the "old-fashioned values" still show the best way to live.
13.You have to admire those who challenged the law and the majority's view by protesting for women's abortion rights‚ for animal rights‚ or to abolish school prayer.
14.What our country really needs is a strong‚ determined leader who will crush evil‚ and take us back to our true path.
15.Some of the best people in our country are those who are challenging our government‚ criticizing religion‚ and ignoring the "normal way things are supposed to be done."
16.God's laws about abortion‚ pornography and marriage must be strictly followed before it is too late‚ and those who break them must be strongly punished.
17.There are many radical‚ immoral people in our country today‚ who are trying to ruin it for their own godless purposes‚ whom the authorities should put out of action.
18.A "woman's place" should be wherever she wants to be. The days when women are submissive to their husbands and social conventions belong strictly in the past.
19.Our country will be great if we honor the ways of our forefathers‚ do what the authorities tell us to do‚ and get rid of the "rotten apples" who are ruining everything.
20.There is no "one right way" to live life; everybody has to create their own way.
21.Homosexuals and feminists should be praised for being brave enough to defy "traditional family values."
22.This country would work a lot better if certain groups of troublemakers would just shut up and accept their group's traditional place in society.
نسخه 1996
1) Life imprisonment is justified for certain crimes.
2) Women should have to promise to obey their husbands when they get married.
3) The established authorities in our country are usually smarter‚ better informed‚ and more competent than others are‚ and the people can rely upon them.
4) It is important to protect the rights of radicals and deviants in all ways.*
5) Our country desperately needs a mighty leader who will do what has to be done to destroy the radical new ways and sinfulness that are ruining us.
6) Gays and lesbians are just as healthy and moral as anybody else.*
7) Our country will be great if we honor the ways of our forefathers‚ do what the authorities tell us what to do‚ and get rid of the “rotten apples” who are ruining everything.
8) Atheists and others who have rebelled against the established religions are no doubt every bit as good and virtuous as those who attend church regularly.*
9) The real keys to the “good life” are obedience‚ discipline‚ and sticking to the straight and narrow.
10) A lot of our rules regarding modesty and sexual behavior are just customs which are not necessarily better or holier than those which other people follow.*
11) There are many radical‚ immoral people in our country today‚ who are trying to ruin it for their own godless purposes‚ whom the authorities should put out of action.
12) It is always better to trust the judgment of the proper authorities in government and religion than to listen to the noisy rabble-rousers in our society who are trying to create doubt in people’s minds.
13) There is absolutely nothing wrong with nudist camps.*
14) There is no “ONE right way” to live life; everybody has to create their own way.*
15) Our country will be destroyed someday if we do not smash the perversions eating away at our moral fiber and traditional beliefs.
16) Homosexuals and feminists should be praised for being brave enough to defy “traditional family values.”*
17) The situation in our country is getting so serious‚ the strongest methods would be justified if they eliminated the troublemakers and got us back to our true path.
18) It may be considered old fashioned by some‚ but having a normal‚ proper appearance is still the mark of a gentleman and‚ especially‚ a lady.
19) Everyone should have their own lifestyle‚ religious beliefs‚ and sexual preferences‚ even if it makes them different from everyone else.*
20) A “woman’s place” should be wherever she wants to be. The days when women are submissive to their husbands and social conventions belong strictly in the past.*
21) What our country really needs is a strong‚ determined leader who will crush evil‚ and take us back to our true path.
22) People should pay less attention to the Bible and the other old traditional forms of religious guidance‚ and instead develop their own personal standards of what is moral and immoral.*
23) The only way our country can get through the crisis ahead is to get back to our traditional values‚ put some tough leaders in power‚ and silence the troublemakers spreading bad ideas.
24) Our country needs free thinkers who will have the courage to defy traditional ways‚ even if this upsets many people.*
25) There is nothing wrong with premarital sexual intercourse.*
26) It would be best for everyone if the proper authorities censored magazines so that people could not get their hands on trashy and disgusting material.
27) It is wonderful that young people today have greater freedom to protest against things they don’t like‚ and to make their own “rules” to govern their behavior.*
28) What our country really needs‚ instead of more “civil rights‚” is a good stiff dose of law and order.
29) Some of the best people in our country are those who are challenging our government‚ criticizing religion‚ and ignoring the “normal way” things are supposed to be done.*
30) Obedience and respect for authority are the most important virtues children should learn.
31) Nobody should “stick to the straight and narrow.” Instead‚ people should break loose and try out lots of different ideas and experiences.*
32) Once our government leaders give us the “go ahead‚” it will be the duty of every patriotic citizen to help stomp out the rot that is poisoning our country from within.
33) We should treat protestors and radicals with open arms and open minds‚ since new ideas are the lifeblood of progressive change.*
34) The facts on crime‚ sexual immorality‚ and the recent public disorders all show we have to crack down harder on deviant groups and troublemakers if we are going to save our moral standards and preserve law and order.
* reverse scored
شرح سایت روان سنجی: مفهوم اقتدارگرایی راستگرایان در سال 1981 توسط "آلتی مایر" پدید آمد. او سه گروه را رده بندی می کند. تابع اقتدارگرایی، اقتدارگرایی پرخاشگرانه و پایبندبه رسوم. والرگا 2010" مقیاس اقتدار گرایی جناح راست "آلتمایر 1996" را از نظر ایدئولوزیک سوگیرانه و ناتوان در تفکیک چنبه های مختلف اقتدارگرایی می داند،
authoritarian submission‚ authoritarian aggression‚ and conventionalism
اعتبار: 0.85 و 0.94. اعتبار نسخه 1996 برای کل مقیاس آلفا 0.90، در تاریخچه این ابزار همبستگی بالا با قوم گرایی، دگرجنس گرایی و محافظه کاری مشاهده می شود.
نمره گذاری
Very Strongly Disagree‚ Strongly Disagree‚ moderately Disagree‚ slightly Disagree‚ feel Neutral‚ slightly Agree‚ moderately Agree‚ Strongly Agree‚ Very Strongly Agree‚
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع و ماخذ
Altemeyer‚ B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. Winnipeg‚ Canada: University of Manitoba Press.
Altemeyer‚ B. (1996). The Authoritarian Spectre. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Altemeyer‚ B. (1998). The other "authoritarian personality". In M. P. Zanna (Ed.)‚ Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 30‚ pp. 47-92). San Diego‚ CA: Academic Press.
Altemeyer‚ B. (2003). What happens when authoritarians inherit the earth? A simulation. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy‚ 3‚ 161-169.
Altemeyer‚ Bob (2006). The Authoritarians (PDF). pp. 9–10.
Vallerga‚ Michael E.‚ (2010). "Pure Authoritarianism: A New Approach to Authoritarianism" master's Theses. San José State University. 3897. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3897